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hand foot and mouth disease
Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common human syndrome caused by highly contagious intestinal virus. HFMD is typically characterized by a mild fever followed by a rash of flat discolored spots and bumps that may blister, involving the skin of the hands, feet, mouth, and occasionally the buttocks and genitalia. HFMD mainly affects infants and children, but can occasionally occur in adults.〔
Coxsackievirus A16 is the most common cause of HFMD.〔 Enterovirus 71 (EV-71) is the second-most common cause.〔 Many other strains of coxsackievirus and enterovirus can also be responsible.〔 The viruses that cause HFMD are spread through direct contact with the mucus, saliva, or feces of an infected person. HFMD often occurs in small epidemics in nursery schools or kindergartens, usually during the summer or autumn months.〔 Signs and symptoms normally appear 3–6 days after exposure to the virus. The rash generally goes away on its own in about a week, and most cases require no treatment other than symptomatic relief. No antiviral treatment or vaccine is currently available for HFMD, but development efforts are underway.
HFMD should not be confused with foot-and-mouth disease (also known as hoof-and-mouth disease) which affects livestock. Foot-and-mouth disease is caused by a different picornavirus which almost never infects humans.
== Signs and symptoms ==
Common constitutional signs and symptoms of the HFMD include fever, nausea, vomiting, feeling tired, generalized discomfort, loss of appetite, and irritability in infants and toddlers. Skin lesions frequently develop in the form of a rash of flat discolored spots and bumps which may be followed by vesicular sores with blisters on palms of the hands, soles of the feet, buttocks, and sometimes on the lips. The rash is rarely itchy for children,〔 but can be extremely itchy for adults. Painful facial ulcers, blisters, or lesions may also develop in or around the nose or mouth.〔〔 HFMD usually resolves on its own after 7–10 days.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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